Strategy in Action Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Procedure in real life - Assignment Example (Lionsgate.com, 2011) Organizational culture is the assortment of qualities and standards that are shared by people in an association that influence cooperation inside and outside the association. It is a significant device as it brings representatives towards a shared objective by creating proclivity and gives driving force to development. A solid culture advances self realization and accomplishment in representatives. Open correspondence and adaptability inside the association give grounds to advancement and experimentation. Useful societies are engaging and lead to profoundly energetic representatives, cooperation and development. (Expertplagas.com, 2009) The hierarchical culture of Lionsgate is impacted by its beginning as an autonomous film studio which has formed into a significant studio with worldwide nearness. Subsequently the way of life mirrors the enterprising activity that free studios brag of. Lionsgate consolidates adaptability with the vital administration of a signif icant studio with the client focal point of a computerized organization. A discourse by Lionsgate’s co-COO, Jo Drake mirrors the authoritative culture of facing challenges in media and motion pictures, of taking a gander at changes in the commercial center as difficulties, and the emphasis on enterprise and development. (indiewire.com, 2010) Curt Marvis, of Lionsgate, clarifies Lionsgate corporate culture of getting representatives included. As indicated by him, on the off chance that one individual can carry out the responsibility rather than ten, at that point Lionsgate will concentrate on doing as such, and representatives will be associated with various things that they can deal with. This shows the way of life centers around worker inclusion and proprietorship; anyway the reality the Lionsgate has gained different media organizations over the world outcomes in the feeling that the authoritative culture may change along the obtained organizations and might be not as insti lled as liked. In case of mergers and acquisitions, it requires times and exertion, numerous multiple times fruitless to build up the organization culture of the parent organization in the procured organizations. (Variety.com, 2009) Challenges confronting the Media and Broadcasting industry The Media and telecom organization is confronting significant difficulties later on. The greatest test is the changing commercial center which has changed the manner in which substance is conveyed to clients. The prominence of computerized conveyance presents dangers for media and telecom organizations as clients can get to media effectively and economically on the web. The business needs to create and ace computerized conveyance of TV programs, news, motion pictures and music so as to snatch the market on the web and still hold benefits (Vodafone.com, 2011). Another test is the expansion in rivalry because of the wealth of free film making and the springing up of new contenders, clients have mor e prominent decision because of the web and organizations must be on their toes to look after execution. The media business has seen an expanding pattern in takeovers, acquisitions and mergers and in this way execution and investor esteem should be kept up to shield the organization from acquisitions. The media business faces advertise immersion not just in view of the expanding number of contenders yet the expanding number of contenders worldwide and in various organizations. News organizations, films and TV all face dangers from online contenders also and need to keep up a significant online nearness. This has brought about expense and edge troubles, changing examples of buyer conduct and the need to give

The Valuation of Intellectual Property for Various Purposes Term Paper

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Law and Management

Lawful changes can significantly change crafted by administrators who need to take numerous choices that have critical ramifications for their associations. These experts should know whether their activities agree to existing laws. All the more critically, these individuals need to realize how to ensure the enthusiasm of their organizations in the court.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Law and Management explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More notwithstanding that, representatives should ensure that their privileges are not damaged. Thusly, it is critical to become familiar with the utilization of business law. These inquiries can be better talked about by looking at online assets that give data about lawful parts of administrative work. From the start, this inquiry can be talked about from the point of view of representatives who are regularly undermined by the ranking directors. For example, a few people don't request additional remuneration wh en they stay at work longer than required. As they would see it, such a solicitation can prompt the disappointment of the administration. The fundamental issue is that a representative is obliged to give additional repayment to a specialist. Specifically, the compensation rate ought to be at any rate â€Å"one and one-half times the standard rate† (H. G. 2013). This is a necessity which is remembered for the Fair Labor Standards Act (H. G. 2013). Also, a portion of the workers don't realize that they can be segregated by the administration based on sexual orientation, race, or ethnicity. For example, individuals, who are more established than forty, can be dismissed as possibility for work. The principle issue is that such an arrangement repudiates work enactment received in the United States. These models show that laborers can profit by the information on business enactment. In addition, the information on law is essential for supervisors and workers. For example, directors of an organization reserve a privilege to oppose the unionization of laborers. In addition, they are not obliged to agree to the requests of worker's guilds (The United States Department of Labor, 2013). The administrators of private firms need to discover methods of making their associations increasingly economical. Cost-decrease is one of the systems that they can receive. In this manner, they have to realize how to legitimize their choices from a legitimate point of view. This would one say one is of the angles that can be identified.Advertising Looking for article on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, the proprietors of independent ventures should know when it is legitimate for them to fire a representative. Additionally, the chiefs of these associations should realize how to keep away from claims identified with segregation. Much of the time, the organizations that are blamed for thi s conduct can be essentially coerced by the up-and-comers or representatives. Besides, directors or business visionaries should comprehend what sort of steps they should take while employing laborers. For example, they should ensure that an individual is qualified for the work in the United States (U.S. Private company Administration, n. d.). Besides, chiefs ought to plainly advise representatives about their privileges and obligations (U.S. Private venture Administration, n. d.). This progression is basic for keeping away from conceivable legitimate clashes. As it were, these insurances can enable independent company to stay away from numerous entanglements. These cases propose that chiefs should realize how to ensure the characteristics of work enactment so as to secure their inclinations. Generally speaking, the information on business enactment is basic for the administration and workers. These partners should realize how to guard their privileges. Specifically, chiefs should re alize how to secure the interests of their organizations. Thus, laborers ought to get appropriate remuneration for their endeavors. Reference List H.G. (2013). Business Law †Guide to Labor Law. Recovered from https://www.hg.org/employ.html The United States Department of Labor. (2013). Synopsis of the Major Laws of the Department of Labor. Recovered from https://www.dol.gov/general/aboutdol/majorlaws#veterans U.S. Private company Administration. (n. d.). Recruit Your First Employee. Recovered from https://www.sba.gov/business-control/deal with your-business/recruit oversee workers This article on Law and Management was composed and put together by client Brady Morton to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Lewis and Clark Expedition essays

Lewis and Clark Expedition papers Huge Car Companys treatment of its plant and hardware outlines the authentic cost rule. This rule requires the utilization of the trade cost at the time an exchange happens to be the reason for at first account resources. At the point when Big Car underwrites the expense of plant and gear, it is charging the benefit represent the underlying expense. Large Car utilizes the coordinating standard when it allots the expense over the future time frames. This standard expresses that costs are related with the incomes they helped the firm to procure. Large Car does that when it distributes cost over the future time frames that profit by the plant and hardware. The subjective quality of obviousness is represented by the way that Big Car Companys CPA firm concurs that Big Cars systems are absolutely in consistence with sound accounting guidelines (GAAP). Evidence implies that at least two bookkeepers taking a gander at a similar data would show up at around a similar outcome. Enormous Car is utilizing materiality when it costs plant and hardware that cost under $500,000. Materiality permits firms to utilize a catalyst strategy to deal with sums that are too little to even think about affecting client choices. The plant and hardware meet the meaning of an advantage, so it is right that Big Car records them all things considered. The definition says that advantages are likely future financial advantages got or constrained by an element because of a past exchange. Enormous Cars plant and gear meet every one of the three pieces of the definition. ... <!

Successful Approach to Development of Korea and Japan Term Paper

Fruitful Approach to Development of Korea and Japan - Term Paper Example The paper will for the most part focus on how the two nations; Japan and Korea are comparative in their turn of events and how they contrast as well. Korea has encountered late industrialization when contrasted with Japan. This is so on the grounds that it was colonized by Japan from 1910 to 1945. The monetary improvement was unquestionably impacted by Japan as they left them with some information on the best way to complete explicit financial advancement strategies. Numerous researchers and approach creators have seen the need to contemplate Korea and Japan however their fundamental spotlight is on the monetary side as it were. This is to discover how the two goliath economies have figured out how to become quickly throughout the years. The pilgrim rule by the Japanese was an incredible impact on the work structure of Korea notwithstanding all other financial elements. Japan gave to Korea gifted work. The significance of talented work in elevating the financial status of a nation comes in when there is legitimate usage of crude materials in this manner increment in the pace of creation. This essentially implies there will be no w astage of crude materials as the HR realize how to complete explicit exercises while utilizing the crude materials. All the more along these lines, on account of specialization and ideal information on a specific action, an individual expands their number of merchandise created. This satisfies the need of the particular great or administration by the overall population. Besides, there is constantly an expansion for sending out (Alice, part 1 and 13). Also, the Onada Cement plant of Japan had set up five branches in Korea and ten in Japan. The investigation of the laborers in this palnt uncovered that they were extremely gifted and this prompted the territory of South Pyongyang being one of the most extravagant in Korea. Despite the fact that Koreans were encountering persecution by the Japanese because of colonization, they gained advancement as Japan acquainted them with new mechanical techniques. Japan had discovered modest work in Korea while they were colonizing

Informal Full Persuasive Essay Topics

Informal Full Persuasive Essay TopicsWhen you do your informal, full persuasive essay topics, you want to have your research done and you want to make sure that you have your plans prepared. This can make the difference between a well-written and published essay or an essay that is submitted and not read.When I was doing my research for this project, I began by asking friends who had finished writing their essays, the kind of topic they wanted to include. One friend who had just finished her essay in her senior year of college said she wanted to talk about her brother who had died before graduation. Another student suggested topics from different times such as when you were getting married or just getting out of college.With my informal, full persuasive essay topics, I searched through research on this topic as well as the topic of death. While researching on this topic, I was able to gather information about where the subject of the topic had been the past few years. The research I did also helped me determine what the right topic would be in this case. One thing I learned is that students tend to prefer topics related to the topic of their class or what they are studying in school.When I wrote my first draft of my informal, full persuasive essay topics, I noticed a few parts of the essay that I wanted to change. For example, instead of the topic 'If You Had a White Board with You Where Would You Draw a Stick Figure?' I changed it to 'Would You Draw a Stick Figure if You Had a White Board With You? '.After my brainstorming session with my friend and some questions to myself, I decided to keep all the topics, the title and the paragraph numbers, but I left out the word 'Right'. I really wanted to let my topic stand on its own so I had to come up with something I wanted to call the topic. After doing this, Itook my research for my informal, full persuasive essay topics, and wrote down the topics I had determined to be best for me.Writing these types of full pers uasive essay topics was a bit time consuming and challenging. It will take more than just one chance to write this type of essay topic, but with practice, you will be better at this task.As with most things in life, there are a few factors that contribute to the success of your full persuasive essay topics. The right research and preparation will result in writing topics that are effective, interesting and professional. It can be a bit time consuming, but the rewards are great. If you put forth the effort, you can make this task into an enjoyable experience.

Laying the Groundwork for Your College Application Essay

Thanks for joining us as we continue with Staying Sane through the College Essay Writing Process, an ongoing series that offers college applicants and their parents advice on how to stay on track for completing Ivy-worthy essays†¦without flying off the handle. Enjoy this next part of the series, and STAY SANE! To begin your essay writing process, if you havent done so yet, download the current Common Application questions and any school specific application essay questions you are aware of for the schools you wish to apply to.   After you read the questions, thoroughly read the schools promotional and catalog material.   Get a feel for what they say they value in their applicants and class members.   For each school, write a list of attributes you cull from their materials: talented, diverse backgrounds, self-starters, community minded, for instance.   Next, record each schools application deadline beside the list of attributes you distinguish so youll have a sense of which schools applications you need to finish first. For instance, Stanford Universitys homepage quotes the schools motto: The wind of freedom blows, and calls it an invitation to free and open inquiry in teaching and research. The pages link to Stanfords 600 organized student activities explains, Having the ability to engage in multiple interests and find friends who are not only similarly engaged, but also exceptionally talented in those areas, is one of the values of Stanford’s diversity.   When I set out to list attributes that go along with these stated qualities, I thought of being multi-talented, displaying high performance, and thriving in a place where my own talents would take off from working with others of similar strong ability. Looking at the list of categories for the student activities I see: Academic Athletic/Recreational Careers/Preprofessional Community Service Ethnic/Cultural Fraternities/Sororities Health/Counseling Media/Publications Music/Dance/Creative Arts Political/Social Awareness Religious/Philosophical I begin thinking this way:   I should somehow combine any athletic, academic or artistic talents I have with the idea of freedom. Another attribute I should incorporate is curiosity and the ability to inquire rather than accept the status quo.  Ã‚   I should include ways I give back to my community, involve myself with people of diverse backgrounds, and demonstrate good teamwork. Thinking about what attributes are most important to the schools according to their promotional material will help you devise a writing plan that works. In the Stanford example, for instance, someone from a high school girls soccer team might think, How can I use my excellent ability at soccer to draw a profile of myself as someone who fits the schools student body? Well, I can talk about the time I influenced my teammates strategies and led my team to a victory in State Championships, only after successfully learning to communicate well with a student from an ethnic background that deals with competition and criticism very differently than I have been taught.   The compelling story becomes learning how to communicate effectively with a teammate.   Along the way, the reader will learn about the students soccer skill and team building experience, the way she connects with others and their skills, and the way she attempts to lead rather than accept the status quo. Since the student will show how she made an effort to learn about the teammates ethnic background and successfully figure out a way to communicate effectively, she can illustrate how she ensured the team worked smoothly together toward common goals. After you have made a list of the attributes each school seems to value and brainstormed about the stories you can tell about yourself to focus on these attributes through specific events and experiences, prioritize your writing tasks: In setting a writing schedule, consider which schools have the earliest deadlines as well as which schools are most important to you.   Often candidates who have time start writing for the less important schools first to get their feet into the process, and then write the essays for the schools they deem most important to them. Note that even if some of the schools you choose are not using the common application, you can often find similarities among various application essay questions and can use some of the same core experiences for many, even if you have to focus things a bit differently for each particular school and what it most values in its candidates. By Sheila Bender, former Accepted.com editor and founder of Writing it Real, a â€Å"community and resource center for writing from personal experience.

Kotters Model For Change Management - 1449 Words

Kotter’s Model for Change Management The National Learning Consortium suggests using Kotter’s Change Management Model as a foundation for Change Management in EHR Implementation. In the stages of the model, some key milestones were missed during the first two attempts at implementation at Luke’s House Clinic with Phase 1, such as lack of distinct urgency, poor buy-in , no guiding coalition, incomplete vision, and mixed goals. To implement Practice Fusion effectively in the future, the Kotter Model might be more effective. In any institution or facility, the method and approach in which changes are implemented plays a huge role in how the changes take hold and have a lasting effect within the organization. This is more specifically known as change management. With the use of a structured and organized approach to keep momentum to achieving the outlined goal. John P. Kotter developed a model for change management which is still used today. Kotter outlines eight key steps which that help guide a process change from its inception, its completion, and its lasting effect. They are summarized as follows: 1. Establishing a sense of urgency 2. Forming a powerful guiding coalition 3. Creating a vision 4. Communicating the vision 5. Empowering others to act on the vision 6. Planning for and creating short-term wins 7. Consolidating and producing still more change 8. Institutionalizing new approaches With the use of this model, Kotter the bestShow MoreRelatedResistance to Change Can Be Successfully Overcome by Systematically Following John Kotter’s 8 Step Model of Change Management!2141 Words   |  9 PagesResistance to change can be successfully overcome by systematically following John Kotter’s 8 step model of change management! Abstract The focus of this paper is to discuss how â€Å"Resistance to change can be successfully overcome by systematically following John Kotter’s 8 step model of change management!† by utilizing relevant literature and discussing the model with referring to real case studies. The aim is to evaluate if the model can always succeed to overcome resistance to change. The last isRead MoreThe Kotter s Model Of Change Management880 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch paper introduces the reader to the concept of change management in a corporation. Change management is an important aspect applicable to any organization. It entails the technology employed to effect change in an organization. There are many models of change management; however, this paper focuses on the Kotter’s model of change management. The Kotter’s model of change management dictates that the change leader use eight steps to effect change in the organization. The research paper seeks to broadenRead MoreJoh n Kotters Eight Stage Change Model1284 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This paper discusses John Kotter’s Eight-Stage Change Model and how it can be used as a guide when implementing change within an organization. The roles of various stakeholders including senior and emerging leaders, managers and employees throughout the eight stages are defined. In addition, factors which can contribute to a failed organization change initiative are discussed. Transforming an organization from a sub-optimizing enterprise of independently functioning departments toRead MoreJohn Kotters Eight Stage Model Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This paper discusses John Kotter’s Eight-Stage Change Model and how it can be used as a guide when implementing change within an organization. The roles of various stakeholders including senior and emerging leaders, managers and employees throughout the eight stages are defined. In addition, factors which can contribute to a failed organization change initiative are discussed. Transforming an organization from a sub-optimizing enterprise of independently functioning departments toRead MoreShort Term Wins, Kotter And Cohens Sixth Step On The Change Model Process1578 Words   |  7 PagesCohen’s sixth step in the change model process. Short-term wins are especially effective during a long and involved change initiative. When a team focuses on tasks that enable quick, visual, and meaningful achievements during the change process, it shows employees that progress is being made and builds momentum to continue the change effort (Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 123). In addition, short-term wins reward employees for their hard work, build confidence in the change effort, validate the visionRead MoreOrganizational Change : An Organization1114 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational change is a crucial issue exercised in an organization to increase performance as it works toward its ideal state. Organizational change arises as a reaction to an ever-changing enviro nment, a response to an ongoing difficult situation, or is stimulated by a leader. Organizational change is a survival strategy. If the organization does not maintain the changing technology, consumer demands, and productive business activities, they will lose their competitive area. Forces for change There areRead MoreCase Analysis Home Depot1598 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Abstract Home Depot went through many changes as a result of new CEO Frank Blake and Vice President of Human Resources, Tim Crow. The culture inherited by both Executives from their predecessors went through a transformation process for the business to thrive once again. Blake and Crow justified laying off 1,200 workers as a result of their vision to enhance Home Depot’s position in the market and to go back to the organizations foundations embedded by founders Arthur Blank and Bernard Marcus.Read MoreMarks Spencer: Organizational Change Using Kotters 8-Step Approach1636 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Organizational Change Using Kotters 8-Step Approach Introduction This study will examine Marks Spencer, a retailer in the United Kingdom and will utilize the 8-Step approach of Kotter in addressing organizational change. Marks Spencer has more than 375 stores and 11 million shoppers each week and employs 66,000 workers. The company is one of High Streets best known companies however, Marks Spencer, for a long time unchallenged, has undergone a chain of management and corporate structure changes dueRead MoreThe 8 Steps Of Kotter s 8 Step Change Model1089 Words   |  5 PagesA paper discussing positive change John P. Kotter’s 8 step change model. Why are change initiatives so difficult. Many times People s reaction to change relies upon their understanding or idea about change . Furthermore, according to their perception it is in their advantage they do not have any problems with accepting it . If it is unimportant or irrelevant to them, they have an attitude of unbiased towards change. If they tend to believe there is some kind of loss to them, they react to itRead MoreIntegrating Change Models and the Theology of Leadership Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrating Change Models and the Theology of Leadership A sentiment common to almost any organization is that the one fact that remains constant is change. As society changes, and human understanding grows, any organization that maintains a static posture, assures its demise. Churches and Christian organizations are no exception. The gospel may remain the same, but the method for communicating it must speak to the audience to assure understanding. The Christian leader must be prepared to meet this

Surname Meaning and Family History Gomez

The surname Gomez (also spelled Gomes, Gomis, or Gometz) has Spanish origins and is a patronymic form of the given name, Gome or Gomo, meaning man. Gomo is a pet form of Gomesano, composed of old Spanish elements meaning man, path plus the patronymic ending -ez, signifying son of. The English surname Gomme is similar, originating from the Visigothic and Old English guma and  Middle English gome meaning man. Gomez is the 68th most popular surname in the United States and the 15th most common Hispanic surname. Famous Gomezes Selena Gomez: American actress, singer and philanthropistJuan Vicente Gà ³mez: ruler of Venezuela from 1908–1935Vernon Louis Lefty Gomez: American professional baseball playerMariano Gà ³mez: Filipino priest and martyrRoberto Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os: Mexican writer and actor Common Locations The surname distribution data at  Forebears  ranks Gomez as the 130th most common surname in the world, identifying it as most prevalent in Mexico and with the highest density in Colombia. The Gomez surname is the 2nd most common surname in Colombia, 5th in Gibraltar, 8th in Argentina and Paraguay, 9th in Andorra and Spain, and 10th in Monaco. Individuals named Gomez are present in large numbers throughout Spain,  according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially in the Cantabria province of northern Spain along the Bay of Biscay. References: Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.

Essay on Fall of Asclepius - 95354 Words

Fall of Asclepius By Harm 1 and Icrick Prologue Where should I begin? The apocalypse happened so fast. In less than a month, monsters infested every part of this world. People panicked, people died. They clawed at each other just to get out of all the infested areas around the world. There was problem about fleeing from infested areas. Everywhere was infested. There was no where anyone could go without encountering the walking plague. You know that phrase War is Hell? Well... its dead wrong. War at least has some organization to it. What was faced in the last days... by last days I mean the last days of civilization not life; itself. What was faced was hell. Everyone went ape shit insane. Everyone was killing and raping each†¦show more content†¦In fact there will never was, nor will there ever be, a time that would surpass the horror humanity faced during the outbreak. We were put through a trial. Some passed and some failed. The worst traits of humanity were exposed during the outbreak. But at the same time, the best traits shone so brightly that the darkness of humanity dissipated. It was the survivors that fought to get our lives back who had these traits. Many credit me with bringing together so many people, with different ideals, to fight back or bringing out the best in people because I inspired them. That was not true. It was thanks to true humanity. The humanity I always knew existed. Its just that it was always suppressed by the darkness of humanity. If you said to me a year before the outbreak that this would happen, I would send you to a mental asylum. I guess the joke is on me, so to speak. I wasnt, what some would say, a confident person. I would just follow others and just do my job. The outbreak changed all that. It changed everyone, especially me. Some people got stronger due to the outbreak. Some became weaker. Being leader of the survivors? This idea would be absurd to me before the outbreak. I never wanted to be a leader. I just wanted to get by life like any other person. I didnt believe that I would make a good leader. But I was wrong. What was that quote by Umbert...? Umberto Eco! It was, The real hero is always a hero by mistake; he dreams of being an honestShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology : An Important Part Of Life Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesthrew it like a spear to make bad weather. (History For Kids, 2016) Aphrodite, Goddess of Love Aphrodite was the goddess of love, and daughter of Zeus and Dione. She was married to Hephaestus, and with her son Eros, she helped people and gods fall in love. When Aphrodite was born, she rose out of the sea foam, fully dressed, grown up and beautiful. (History For Kids, 2016) Hera, Queen Of The Gods and Goddesses Hera was the queen of the gods and goddesses. She was also the protector of womenRead MoreQuestions On The Greek God2029 Words   |  9 PagesEros was thought of as a primordial god. Since he was given the name as cupid, this had to come with an image. He was portrayed as a blindfolded male who usually carries around his bow and arrow. Using the bow and arrow he would make any human being fall in love with the first person they see. d. Gods of the Underworld: i. The brother of Zeus and Poseidon was the god of the underworld. His name was Hades. Hades was not viewed as being death itself. He was a very greedy god just like his brother PoseidonRead MoreWomen s Belief Of Human Bodies1360 Words   |  6 Pageswith the Gods and Goddesses. Religion was a big part of ancient Greek culture. Ancient Greeks believed that it was their responsibility to worship Gods and Goddesses. They believed that if they did not worship their Gods then great misfortune would fall upon them. It was believed that Ancient Greeks feared that the Gods might cause natural disasters and spread diseases if they were not worshipped. The ancient Greeks built temples at the heart of their towns to worship them, in order to prevent theRead MoreThe Night Time - Original Writing1705 Words   |  7 Pagesby flaming arrows and gruesome impalement. I’ve never seen this before; I scream and pray to the gods to make it stop and I immediately wake up in my adobe quarters and realize it was just a nightmare. It was early in the morning so I decided not to fall back asleep in fear that my fears will come alive once again. Time passes. I do my normal routine. I meet my Warchief and he says he has an assignment for me. A special assignment. He hands me a letter with all the details. I go into a private areaRead MoreGreek and Roman Influence in Psychology1694 Words   |  7 Pages the advances in medicine in these ancient cultures must be discussed. That way, one can see how psychology was linked to each one of them, in one way or the other. Early Greek medicine was more of a divine matter. It was believed that the God Asclepius was the god of medicine. Priests would live at his temples and claimed they knew the ways of healing people. It was not until around 500 B.C., a Greek physician named Alcmaeon began to dissect animals to observe their skeleton, muscles, and brainRead MoreAncient Greece s Influence On The Life Of The Greek Peoples1898 Words   |  8 Pagesasciepeion, which was an ancient Greece healing temple, ran by priests. The sick would stay, to sleep and mediate. These overnight visits in a sleeping hall were called incubation. During sleep, it was their belief, that they would be visited by the god Asclepius, in a dream. The next day, they would tell the priest about the dream they had overnight. Based on the dream, the priest would recommend a treatment for the sickness, which more often than not would require a trip to the mineral springs or publicRead More Greek and Roman Influence in Psychology Essays1 681 Words   |  7 Pagesthese ancient cultures must be discussed. That way, one can see how psychology was linked to each one of them, in one way or the other. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Early Greek medicine was more of a divine matter. It was believed that the God Asclepius was the god of medicine. Priests would live at his temples and claimed they knew the ways of healing people. It was not until around 500 B.C., a Greek physician named Alcmaeon began to dissect animals to observe their skeleton, muscles, and brainRead MoreImagine If You Were Bedridden Living In The Hospital With2013 Words   |  9 Pagesby reputable health facilities, it is clear to see that the doctors are prevented from doing physician assisted suicide by the law because it violates the doctors â€Å"Hippocratic Oath†, as highlighted below: I swear by Apollo the physician, and Asclepius, and Hygeia and Panacea and all the gods and goddesses as my witnesses, that, according to my ability and judgment, I will keep this Oath and this contract: To hold him who taught me this art equally dear to me as my parents, to be a partner inRead MoreRe-Writing the Creation Story: How Giovanni Pico Della Mirandolas Oration on the Dignity of Man Influenced the Renaissance and Mans Perception of Himself1904 Words   |  8 Pageswere two commonly accepted stories of the world’s Creation: those expressed in the first chapters of Genesis. These stories captured the work of God as he brought about the universe, the plants, the animals, and the humans, and they chronicled the fall of Adam and Eve, who used the free will that God had given them in such a way that it brought about their downfall. However, just as the Humanist movement was beginning at the forefront of the Renaissance, a brilliant young writer, Giovanni Pico dellaRead MoreAnalysis Of Out Of Darkness 1792 Words   |  8 Pagessilhouette highlighted within the frame of the window, against the background of the room’s whitewashed walls, he stood as solid and upri ght as the cast-iron posts he admired. In this way he was inconspicuous; totally adapted to the stillness that falls across life in the hours preceding morning - even as he leans forwards: pressing his weight onto his palms against the sill, exulting in the emptiness and clarity of the scape. For him, movement is always easy and pleasurable in his limbs. But tonight

Is Cyclothymia a Disorder Essay Example For Students

Is Cyclothymia a Disorder Essay Is Cyclothymia a Disorder? People who have Cyclothymic disorder usually do not realize they may have a treatable disorder because they feel that their mood swings are associated to life’s imbalance. Many things in life can trigger mood swings making it difficult to determine if there is a mood disorder. However, an individual that has unpredictable mood swings may have Cyclothymia and should be concerned. Individuals who have this disorder go through life on an emotional rollercoaster and tolerate up and down feelings, because they believe these feelings are normal emotions. This research paper will give the definition, causes, and symptoms of Cyclothymic disorder and how it is diagnosed. I will also give examples of my own personal experience with mood swings; and interview an individual dealing with Cyclothymia to show evidence why some think this disorder is not a disorder at all. Cyclothymia or Cyclothymic disorder is defined as a relatively mild mood disorder. â€Å"In Cyclothymic disorder, moods swing between short periods of mild depression and hypomania, an elevated mood. The low and high mood swings never reach the severity of major depression or mania. Cyclothymia is a Bipolar-like illness. People with Cyclothymic disorder have milder symptoms than in full-blown Bipolar disorder† (WebMD). The exact cause of Cyclothymic disorder is still unknown however, â€Å"Depression researchers are exploring two sets of influences. One focuses on genetic predispositions and on abnormalities in brain structures and functions (including those found in neurotransmitter systems). The second, the social-cognitive perspective, examines the influence of cyclic self-defeating beliefs, learned helplessness, negative attributions, and stressful experiences. The biopsychosocial approach considers influences on many levels† (Myers 529). Cyclothymic symptoms are generally similar to those of Bipolar disorder, but they are less severe. With Cyclothymia, an individual can typically function in daily life but the unpredictable nature of mood swings may significantly disrupt the individual’s life because he or she may never know how they are going to feel. Symptoms include mood swings that result in elevated confidence and energy levels to the inability to maintain enthusiasm for a new project. In addition, these mood swings can cause abrupt changes in personality from cheerful to depressed or even anger. Personal relationships can suffer due to the influence of moods causing constant pulling and pushing away of emotions. It is also common for an individual with Cyclothymia to self-medicate by using alcohol or illegal drugs. The mood swings of Cyclothymia do not follow a set pattern. A person may experience the same mood swing for weeks, months, even years at a time before suddenly having the opposite mood. In addition, the severities of mood swings differ from person to person. Hypomania is a mood that many do not perceive as a problem; it actually may feel good and give an individual a greater sense of well-being and productivity. Cyclothymic disorder is diagnosed by using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). â€Å"This manual contains diagnostic criteria and text containing information about the disorder such as associated features, prevalence, familial patterns, age-culture and gender specific features and differential diagnosis. This manual is used by mental health professionals from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds in a wide range of settings† (American Psychiatric Association). According to the Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, the DSM manual specifies six criteria that must be met for a diagnosis of Cyclothymic disorder: (1)Numerous episodes of hypomania and depression that are not severe enough to be considered major depression. These episodes must have lasted for at least two years. 2)During the same two-year period (one year for children and adolescents), the individual has not been free from either hypomania or mild depression for more than two months at a time. (3)No major depression, mania, or mixed (both depression and mania together) condition has been present during the first two years of the disorder. (4)The individual does not have a thought disorder such as schizophrenia or other psychotic condition. (5)The symptoms are not due to the direct effects of substance use (such as a dr ug of abuse or a prescribed medication) or to a medical condition. 6)The symptoms cause significant impairment in the patients social, occupational, family, or other important areas of life functioning. Not until doing research for a group presentation on Cyclothymia did I realize that I may be living with Cyclothymia and have been for quite some time. For example, for years I have struggled with mood swings that range from happiness to sadness then anger; optimistic to pessimistic; increased to decreased energy levels and much more. I have always related my mood swings to everything from life’s challenges to going through menopause. .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 , .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 .postImageUrl , .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 , .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7:hover , .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7:visited , .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7:active { border:0!important; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7:active , .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7 .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udbb078419b0803d0e5bd38d96cbcf6b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken EssayWhen I am overwhelmingly happy, I have an extreme amount of energy and must stay busy. My thoughts race so fast that I can hardly keep up with new projects I begin because I am so eager to finish them. At times, this enormous amount of energy causes me to make rash decisions but to me it is at this time I make my best decisions. When really excited about learning and doing new things, I talk so fast that my husband has to tell me to slow down. In addition to the overwhelming feeling of happiness, my self-esteem is in a total comfort zone and I love everything about myself and love everyone around me. However, all of that can change in a fraction of minute, from feeling on top of the world to feeling I hit rock bottom. When feeling depressed, it feels like no one cares or understands what I am going through and everything feels like its falling apart at the seams. I do not feel like laughing or talking to anyone and it does not take much for me to get upset with someone. I find myself aggravated by the silliest things, disagree, and find fault in everything; this causes those around me to feel intimidated. I lose interest in the projects I started and I do not feel like doing anything outside of the basics. I feel tired and drained and cannot concentrate on the things I need to. I start seeing myself differently and get angry that I cannot change what I see or feel. I start dwelling on my past mistakes and connect them to every bad feeling I have. My family and co-workers have come to accept my moods and just stay clear of me when I am in my bitch mode. These mood swings make me feel so out of control. I connect my moods with what I perceive as life’s normalcy of right, wrong, good or bad, it becomes very challenging to decipher whether or not my moods are associated with a disorder. Therefore, this gives me the assumption that many others may feel the same and go through years of dealing with mood disorders that they relate to normal feelings. Once again, life’s changes trigger mood swings and these changes are seen as normal in today’s society. There is no doubt this could be the reason why so many people with Cyclothymia deal with the disorder for years before deciding to seek treatment. In an email interview, Heather Wilson, a co-worker that has been struggling with this disorder for years, stated: My therapist diagnosed me with Cyclothymia at the age of 40; I am now 47 years old. After years of dealing with mood swings, it was relieving to find out the lack of being steady in a relationship, committed to projects or family affairs, was not something that was all in my head. Feeling emotionally challenged and unable to relate to society is difficult. After the diagnosis, it felt as if someone released my mind from prison. There were times I thought the men in white jackets were going to come, lock me up, and throw away the key. Now I take 600mg of lithium daily and it keeps me calm enough to be happy but not over the top and stops me from wanting to run my car in a ditch. Through my research, I have found that Cyclothymic disorder is mild mood swings that range from depression to hypomania. It is important for an individual to know the symptoms of this disorder. Even though the symptoms of Cyclothymia are mild they are chronic, and an individual may never completely feel free from the symptoms. These symptoms can interfere with the ability to function in social and business environments, and can cause relationships to suffer because individuals lose interest in the feelings of others. Unlike Bipolar disorder, a person with Cyclothymia does not disconnect from reality. In order for an individual to be diagnosed with Cyclothymic disorder, hers or his symptoms must have lasted for more than two years, but never experiencing more than two consecutive symptom-free months. .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c , .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c .postImageUrl , .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c , .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c:hover , .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c:visited , .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c:active { border:0!important; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c:active , .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uacb40c3569072afb8876613bf160335c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Book Report On Rebecca EssayWhen feeling energetic and cheerful (hypomania) an individual may not want to receive treatment. In addition, Cyclothymic sufferers should know that there are medicines and therapies that are helpful in managing the stress the disorder causes. Not recognizing Cyclothymic disorder symptoms or ignoring the disorder can lead to Bipolar disorder, so getting and following a treatment program is important. Research shows that any form of mood swings is not normal and they need to be taken seriously.

Social Responsibility of Business to Increase

Question: Discuss about the Social Responsibility of Business to Increase. Answer: Introduction: I have heard businessmen expressively talking about the social responsibilities of business within the system of free enterprises I have witnessed that businessmen believing the fact that they were shielding free enterprise when they proclaim the fact that business is not only concerned about only profits but also in promoting the other desirable social brands of it having social conscience. As per my understanding, business have taken their responsibilities seriously for offering employment, avoidance of any sort of pollution, eradicating discrimination. Businesspersons have been talking like the unsuspecting puppets of the academic forces that have been dejecting the free society basis for the past few years. The social responsibilities of businesses are prominent for the fact of their logical looseness and lack of any sort of severity (Bowen 2013). It is important to understand the responsibilities business has where the general belief is that people have certain responsibilities. A business has always been stated as the artificial person having artificial responsibilities that it needs to fulfill. However, I could not sense out the fact that business have responsibilities overall, even in the indistinct sense. Thereby, the foremost step would always be clarify in scrutinizing the doctrine of the business social responsibility in asking precisely what it entails and to whom. A corporate executive is a person having his own right though as a person he might need to take up some other responsibilities for his family, his principles, his city and country. He may at times feel provoked by the responsibility in distributing the part of his income to reasons he finds valuable. Some of this can be stated as social responsibilities, but here he acts as a principal and not as any agent. In this particular scenario he is spending his own money and not that of his business owners. According to my thinking this are social responsibility, but of that particular individual and not of that business. There is enough desire among the corporate owners to receive highest possible return on their investment. When a person buys shares of Woolworth or Rio Tinto, he would be checking occasionally to see whether there has been certain upsurge in the price as that is the reason of buying the shares. Therefore, it can be stated that the executives who work for their business owne rs who are duty-bound helping their owners in getting the higher share price which is possible through bigger profits. I am of the opinion that for businesses to be more socially responsible they should excel in economic terms. At the time the corporation is making money that money does not disappear into the pockets of some case crazy people, but is reverted back to the economy for the benefits of all. All this opens up new prospects with existing workers finding more security with their jobs. Successful corporations give birth to freedom among workers. Corporations are successful through the way they provide goods and services in the society at affordable prices. Customers life quality improves because of the improvement in the consumer products that brings in healthy competition among the firms. Therole of your personal values in your future profession In the last few years, there has been growing of certain factors like the business units, severance of ownership from management and stiff competition increasing the demand for good and efficient managers. Specialized managers are the need of the hour where everything needs to be in a proficient way. Social obligation is something I look forward to as a motivating factor in igniting the desire within myself to serve the society. It would be like giving back something to the society. Being a future manager, my main job will e to be responsible enough not only to the management but also towards the society. I worked at a retail store for six months that took active part in the NSW bush fire tragedy that killed several people. It was my first experience in serving the society at a time it required corporate assistance of ant stature. Another value that is important for the future profession is the code of conduct. It is important to pave ones life within certain guidelines or rules and regulations in maintaining a well-disciplined life. A slight deviation from that life might end up individuals like me in deep trouble. In management, too managers need to follow certain guidelines and abide by the code of conduct. Violating any rule in the professional life would bring in certain legal actions. Reference: Boulouta, I. and Pitelis, C.N., 2014. Who needs CSR? The impact of corporate social responsibility on national competitiveness.Journal of Business Ethics,119(3), pp.349-364. Bowen, H.R., 2013.Social responsibilities of the businessman. University of Iowa Press. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014.Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Flammer, C., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and shareholder reaction: The environmental awareness of investors.Academy of Management Journal,56(3), pp.758-781. Hopkins, M., 2016.The planetary bargain: corporate social responsibility comes of age. Springer.

Pressure Groups †Amnesty International Essay Essay Example

Pressure Groups – Amnesty International Essay Essay In Great Britain. the figure of political parties is really little. whereas the figure of force per unit area groups runs into 1000s ; as the rank of political parties has fallen. that of force per unit area groups has increased. The purpose of all force per unit area groups is to act upon the people who really have the power to do determinations. A force per unit area group is an organized group that seeks to act upon the authorities determinations or protect or progress a peculiar cause or involvement. Groups may advance a specific issue and raise it up the political docket. Pressure groups are sometimes able to garner sufficient support to coerce authorities to amend or even scrap statute law. For illustration. in March 1998 around 300. 000 people went to London to protest about the Labour government’s rural policies – the ‘Countryside March’ – the authorities reacted by denoting programs for a Ministry of Rural Affairs and by printing a white pap er look intoing all facets of rural life. We will write a custom essay sample on Pressure Groups – Amnesty International Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pressure Groups – Amnesty International Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pressure Groups – Amnesty International Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In return. these groups have an input into the devising of determinations. My presentation is chiefly focused on the one of the most influential force per unit area group and human rights administration in the universe. called Amnesty International. Amnesty International is a world-wide motion of people who run for internationally recognized human rights to be respected and protected for everyone. It undertakes research and takes action aimed at forestalling and stoping sedate maltreatments of these rights. demanding that all authoritiess and other powerful entities respect the regulation of jurisprudence. It campaigns globally and locally. Amnesty International members and protagonists exert influence on authoritiess. political organic structures. Militants take up human rights issues by mobilising public force per unit area through mass presentations. vigils. direct lobbying. publication and publicity of research findings. human rights instruction or co-operation with pupil groups. Amnesty International works with and for persons the universe over. For illustration. it takes action to: halt force against adult females or get rid of the decease punishment. Ever since Amnesty International started runing in 1961. it has worked around the Earth to halt the maltreatment of human rights. In 1961 Peter Benenson launched a worldwide run. ‘Appeal for Amnesty 1961’ with the publication of a outstanding article. ‘The Forgotten Prisoners’ . The imprisonment of two Lusitanian pupils. who had raised their vino spectacless in a toast to freedom. moved Benenson to compose this article. His entreaty was reprinted in other documents across the universe and turned out to be the generation of Amnesty International. The first international meeting was held in July. with delegates from Belgium. the UK. France. Germany. Ireland. Switzerland and the US. They decided to set up â€Å"a lasting international motion in defense mechanism of freedom of sentiment and religion† . On Human Rights Day. 10 December. the first Amnesty taper was lit. In January 1962 the first research trip was undertaken. This trip to Ghana. was followed by Czechoslovakia in February ( on behalf of a captive of scruples ) . and so to Portugal and East Germany. Furthermore. At a conference in Belgium. a determination was made to put up a lasting organisation that will be known as Amnesty International. During all these old ages Amnesty International has undertaken many of the runs and actions and developed human rights. It broaden its district and became one of the most stronger human rights defender. In January 1969. UNESCO granted Amnesty International advisory position as the organisation reached another milepost – 2. 000 captives of scruples released. In 1977 the administration was awarded Nobel Peace Prize for its â€Å"campaign against torture† . and the United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights in 1978. After 30 old ages the organisation broaden its range to cover work on maltreatments by armed resistance groups. surety pickings and people imprisoned due to their sexual orientation. Thousands of Amnesty International members respond to Urgent Action entreaties on behalf of persons at immediate hazard. Publicity through the intelligence media and the cyberspace takes its message in many linguistic communications to 1000000s of people. It is an administration independent of any authorities. political political orientation. economic involvement or faith. it is democratic and autonomous and financially self-sufficing. Amnesty International has more than 2. 8 million members. protagonists and endorsers in over 150 states and districts. in every part of the universe. It has offices in 80 states around the universe. for illustration in Sweden. Senegal or Bangladesh. Amnesty International research squads concentrating on peculiar states and subjects investigate studies of human rights maltreatments. cross checking and confirming information from a broad assortment of beginnings and contacts. It receives information from many beginnings. including: captives and others enduring other human rights maltreatments and their representatives. attorneies and journalists. refugees. community workers and human rights organisations and guardians All Amnesty International candidacy and research is fact based. Among the many activities it carry out. it sends experts to speak with victims. observes tests. proctors planetary and local media. publicise its concerns in paperss. cusps. postings. advertizements. newssheets and web sites. Amnesty International’s current six twelvemonth ( 2010 -2016 ) scheme aims to authorise rights-holders whose rights are challenged and beef up the human rights motion.

Americas involvement in World War Two Essays - Schuyler Family

Americas involvement in World War Two Essays - Schuyler Family Americas involvement in World War Two When war broke out , there was no way the world could possibly know the severity of this guerre. Fortunately one country saw and understood that Germany and its allies would have to be stopped. Americas Involvement in World War two not only contributed in the eventual downfall of the insane Adolph Hitler and his Third Reich, but also came at the precise time and moment. Had the united states entered the war any earlier the consequences might have been worse. Over the years it has been an often heated and debated issue on whether the united states could have entered the war sooner and thus have saved many lives. To try to understand this we must look both at the peoples and governments point of view. Just after war broke out in Europe, President Roosevelt hurriedly called his cabinet and military advisors together. There it was agreed that the United states stay neutral in these affairs. One of the reasons given was that unless America was directly threatened they had no reason to be involved. This reason was a valid one because it was the American policy to stay neutral in any affairs not having to with them unless American soil was threatened directly. Thus the provisional neutrality act passed the senate by seventy-nine votes to two in 1935. On August 31, Roosevelt signed it into law. In 1936 the law was renewed, and in 1937 a comprehensive and permanent neutrality act was passed (Overy 259). The desire to avoid foreign entanglements of all kinds had been an American foreign policy for more than a century. A very real geographical Isolation permitted the United States to fill up the empty lands of North America free from the threat of foreign conflict(Churchill 563). Even if Roosevelt had wanted to do more in this European crisis (which he did not), there was a factor too often ignored by critics of American policy-American military weakness. When asked to evaluate how many troops were available if and when the United States would get involved, the army could only gather a mere one hundred thousand, when the French, Russian and Japanese armies numbered in millions. Its weapons dated from the first World War and were no match compared to the new artillery that Germany and its allies had. American soldiers were more at home with the horse than with the tank (Overy 273). The air force was just as bad if not worse. In September 1939 the Air Corps had only 800 combat aircrafts again compared with Germanys 3600 and Russias 10,000 . American military Aviation (AMA) in 1938 was able to produce only 1,800, 300 less than Germany, and 1,400 less than Japan. Major Eisenhower, who was later Supreme commander of the Allied forces in the second World War, complained that America was left with only a shell of military establishment (Chapman 234 ). As was evident to Roosevelt the United states military was in no way prepared to enter this European crisis. Another aspect that we have to consider is the peoples views and thoughts regarding the United States going to war. After all let us not forget that the American government is there for the people and by the people and therefore the peoples view did play a major role in this declaration of Neutrality. In one of Roosevelts fireside chats he said We shun political commitments which might entangle us In foreign wars...If we face the choice of profits or peace-this nation must answer, the nation will answer we choose peace ,in which they did. A poll taken in 1939 revealed that ninety-four per cent of the citizens did not want the united states to enter the war. The shock of World War one had still not left ,and entering a new war, they felt, would be foolish. In the early stages of the war American Ambassador to London was quoted saying Its the end of the world, the end of everything ( Overy 261). As Richard Overy notes in The Road To War, this growing estrangement from Europe was not mere selfishness. They were the values expressed by secretary of state, Cordel Hull: a primary interest in peace

Capabilities and Resources of Westfield

Capabilities of Westfield include their global operation. This is due to the reason that according to the reports, Westfield is having their operations in Australia, New Zealand, Italy, Croatia and the United States. Thus, they are already having the experience of entering and operating in new countries. It will be beneficial for them to use these experiences in entering in other foreign markets. Moreover, they are listed under the Australian stock exchange and are publicly traded company. Thus, they are having huge access to the financial resources. Their capabilities also include diverse product areas. According to the reports, Westfield is mainly having their business growth in the fashion and leisure sector. Thus, these sectors will also help them in having their market growth in the proposed host country. One of the major strengths for Westfield is the positive brand image and established market in Australia. This will help them to take more risks in the host country. The positive brand image of them will help in pushing their brand in the new markets. Another strength of them is having diverse business presence. Thus, it will help them to cater to different business sectors in the target market. This will also reduce their risk in entering in the new markets. Westfield is already having their presence in different countries and thus it will be easier for them to target the new market more effectively. Entering in the emerging countries will have more business potentiality for Westfield due to the reason that in the current time, developing economies are witnessing more growth compared to the developed countries. Another probable opportunity for Westfield will be lower cost of operation in the developing countries. This is due to the reason that Westfield will find cheaper resources for their business operation in the developing countries. Thus, the profitability of them will get increased. China is a highly populated nation in the world. The huge lucrative market of China is great for business opportunity. With the GDP rate of 6.8% in 2017, it is expected to be the fastest growing economies in the coming years (Festing & Schà ¤fer, 2014). China is always perceived as market growth to provide cheap labor and facilitates in low manufacturing costs.   Westfield Group has to bring something unique in the Chinese market otherwise the company will land itself in a passive position. While entering the market with new resources and productivity would lead to provide a major threat to the existing companies (Andersà ©n, Jansson & Ljungkvist, 2016). The regulatory bodies of China mostly operate in an opaque way that makes the country too difficult to forecast the regulatory changes. Joint venture is beneficial as the low risk market strategy. The GDP rate of China has been growing recently since the past few years and the growth rate is at 6.8%. (Kozlenkova, Samaha & Palmatier, 2014). The existing population of the region also provides a great opportunity for the multinational companies to establish business. This facilitates in providing abundant of human resources to the firm. Westfield Group can enter the Chinese market and expand its business as the China has a favorable business market environment. Cross border economic activities has also increased to a great extent. The literacy rate in China has also increased and majority of the people within the country is literate. Joint Venture will be more beneficial to do business in China (Nyberg et al., 2014). It is the most effective way to enter in the emerging market. The cultural differences between the two countries should be ascertained to maximize profit in the overseas target market. Though the common business language is English still there can be language issue in the market of China. Moreover, legislation policy also varies worldwide, hence Westfield need to investigate the legal policies and adhered to the local laws. Andersà ©n, J., Jansson, C., &Ljungkvist, T. (2016). Resource Immobility and Sustained Performance: A Systematic Assessment of How Immobility Has Been Considered in Empirical Resource?based Studies.  International Journal of   Management Reviews,  18(4), 371-396. Brandon?Jones, E., Squire, B., Autry, C. W., & Petersen, K. J. (2014). A contingent resource?based perspective of supply chain resilience and robustness.  Journal of Supply Chain Management ,  50(3), 55-73. Festing, M., &Schà ¤fer, L. (2014). Generational challenges to talent management : A framework for talent retention based on the psychological-contract perspective.  Journal of World Business,  49(2), 262-271. Kozlenkova, I. V., Samaha, S. A., &Palmatier, R. W. (2014). Resource-based theory in marketing.  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,  42(1), 1-21. Lin, Y., & Wu, L. Y. (2014). Exploring the role of dynamic capabilities in firm performance under the resource-based view framework.  Journal of business research,  67(3), 407-413. Nyberg, A. J., Moliterno, T. P., Hale Jr, D., &Lepak, D. P. (2014). Resource-based perspectives on unit-level human capital: A review and integration.  Journal of Management,  40(1), 316-346. www.theaustralian.com.au. (2018).  Theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/property/westfield-corporation-to-navigate-retail-storm/news-story/498245965eb0a4e94f61b855d718c8bb

(Book Proposal) Neurotheology in Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

(Book Proposal) Neurotheology in Review - Essay Example Its primary objectives are to establish comprehensive, interdisciplinary approaches to understand beliefs and to explain, interpret and predict the influences of beliefs to thought, feeling, behavior and experience. The purpose of this volume is to provide scope and definition to the new discipline of Neurotheology. Current scholarship in Neurotheology offers perspectives from Darwinian evolution and neuroscience (studies in frontal, parietal lobes and temporal lobe epilepsy), neuropsychology, genetics, cognitive science, cellular biology, chemistry, physics, mindfulness, electromagnetic field effects, and varying perspectives from psychology like conditioning, attachment and learning theories. Other perspectives on science and beliefs are developing from neuroeconomics, neuropolitics, and neuroethics while other fields of science need greater inclusion like astronomy, ecology, engineering, geology, linguistics and mathematics. Neurotheology acknowledges the complexity and diversity of human beliefs by providing a broad conceptual framework to encompass beliefs whether mystical or religious, economic or environmental, political or social, or some other. Each dimension of beliefs affords critical, creative study of the science(s), beliefs and/or belief systems involved. Both the science and beliefs intersect through a four-fold methodology that provides the basis to unpack the complexity of their relationship and intimate the relationship’s influence to human thought, feeling, behavior and experience. The proposed book â€Å"Neurotheology† attempts to summarize the complexities of this science to provide a general understanding of what neurotheology is and investigate some of the diversity of disciplines to which it is applicable. The book is primarily intended for college students but will serve also as an introductory text for anyone interested in learning more about

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 39

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example Formative evaluation can be used to provide feedback for learning and consequently serve as the basis for improvements (Duers and Brown, 2009) and should therefore be conducted as the project progresses. I concur that summative evaluation is conducted at the end of an instructional unit (Duers and Brown, 2009) and can thus be conducted at the end of your practicum project. McKimm and Swanwick (2009) posits that objectives outlines what the student seeks to achieve at the end of a project. In this regard, I agree with your objectives in achieving your goal. Your objectives clearly shows what you will achieve at the end of the practicum project. For instance, you assert that you will be able to present findings to the executive system board for approval at the end of your project. I also concur with the other aspects of your discussion such as your methodology and evaluation plan. Your choice to utilize PFCC as your methodology will help achieve the projected outcomes based on findings from other methodical investigations, thus I agree with your methodology. It is only through formative and summative approaches to evaluation that you will be able to get feedback from your colleagues and also at the end of your project (Duers and Brown, 2009). In this respect, I agree with your evaluation

Ulysses S. Grant and the Trials of Leadership Essay -- Ulysses S Grant

Ulysses S. Grant and the Trials of Leadership On June 3, 1864, the Union and Confederate armies met on a battlefield in Cold Harbor, Virginia. The Confederates were well entrenched and prepared to mount a defensive stand. The Union soldiers on the other side of the lines were preparing for an attack that would prove to be disastrous. They knew what the outcome would be. In only 20 minutes of fighting, 7,000 Union soldiers were killed or wounded. As the Yankees prepared to go into action, many began sewing tags with their names on them into their clothes so their bodies could be identified after their deaths. One dead Union soldier was found with a small diary in his pocket. The final entry, dated June 3, 1864, read simply, "I was killed." Many men like him knew they were going to die that day, and yet they went forward anyway, and met their fates. Many people, military and civilian, questioned the intelligence of the attack, and rightfully so. But the decision was made, and the men carried it out. They carried it out because it was given by General Ulysses S. Grant, the man who was the first to continually win battles against Robert E. Lee, and the man who finally won the war for the United States. They carried it out because Grant was perhaps the most respected general ever to serve in the U.S. Army to that point. They carried it out because Grant was a leader. Grant was not always the leader that won the war and became president. He was first a failure in business, a quiet young soldier with little social life, a general whose peers criticized him and charged him with drunkenness, and later a president plagued by scandal and rumor. Ulysses S. Grant was born to Jesse and Hannah Grant on April 27, 1822, in Point P... ...y's mind. His logic in organizing supplies for the army was demonstrated early on in the Mexican War. But it seems that his intelligences only served him in wartime, making almost another intelligence of their own, that of making war. As President, he severely lacked interpersonal skills in picking and managing his cabinet. He showed little knowledge of safe money handling strategies and lost most of his savings more than once. He was a great war leader and general, and seemingly not much else but a kind man. Works Cited 1. Barber, James G. U.S. Grant: The Man and the Image. Southern Illinois University Press. Carbondale: 1985. 2. Carpenter, John A. Ulysses S. Grant. Twayne Publishers, Inc. New York: 1970. 3. Gardner, H. Creating minds. New York: Basic Books, 1993. 4. Goldhurst, Richard. Many are the Hearts. Reader's Digest Press. New York: 1975.

Biology By2 Revision

Parasitic Nutrition 21 May 2011 10:43 = organisms that live on or in another organism obtaining nourishment at the expense of the host and causing harm. Gut parasite (Taenia solium) = tapeworm Primary host = human (eat uncooked infected pork) Secondary host = pig (drainage channels contaminated by human faeces) Adaptations†¦ – Suckers & hookers (attachment) – Body covering (immune responses) – Thick cuticle (inhibitory substances = enzymes) – Simple body systems (reproduction) – Very thin & large surface area (food absorbed over whole body surface = diffusion) – Male & female sex organs (gut can only accommodate 1 tapeworm) – Number of eggs produced (increase chance of survival) – Eggs have resistant shells (survive until eaten) Dormant embryos can form cysts in organs – damage surrounding tissue BY2 revision Page 1 Adaptions to different diets 21 May 2011 10:53 Reptiles & Amphibians = swallow food whole Mammals = cut up and chew (palate separates nasal cavity & mouth – kept in mouth longer) Carnivore = short gut (easily digest protein) Herbivore = long gut (p lant digestion difficult) Dentition Mechanical digestion = easier to swallow & increases surface area for enzyme action Herbivore Incisors Canines Lower jaw, cuts against horny pad (upper jaw) Indistinguishable from incisors Carnivore Sharp (tear flesh from bone) Large, curved, pointed = seizing prey, killing & tearing flesh Carnassial (slide past each other = garden shears) molars = cutting/crushing) Vertical (open wide to capture & kill prey) Not horizontal (dislocation) Jaw muscles = well developed/powerful (grip firmly on prey/crush bones) Cheek teeth Interlock. (W into M) Worn down = sharp enamel ridges (efficiency). Open roots (grinding) Jaw movement Other Circular grinding. Horizontal plane Diastema = gap between front & side teeth. Tongue moves cut grass to grinding surfaces (cheek teeth) Ruminants Produce most protein eaten by humans eg. Cows/sheep Mutualism/Symbiosis = close association between members of 2 species, both derive some benefit from the relationship. – Can't digest cellulose (no cellulose enzymes) – Cellulose-digesting bacteria live in gut of cow – Separated = food left long enough for digestion, bacteria isolated (optimum pH & conditions) Cellulose digestion†¦ – Grass chopped (teeth), saliva, cud formed, swallowed – 1st stomach = cellulose digesting bacteria (glucose = fermented – organic acids into blood. Waste = co2 & methane – Cud into next region, regurgitated & chewed again – 3rd stomach = water absorption – 4th stomach (‘normal' stomach) = protein digestion – Small intestine = absorption Rumen = greater variety of mutualistic organisms than in caecum More efficient = more complete breakdown of cellulose Bacteria = source of protein when dead BY2 revision Page 2 Digestion 21 May 2011 11:35 = the break down of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules. Physical & chemical. Food passes through alimentary canal where it is digested & absorbed into the body. Digestive enzymes = hydrolases (catalyse hydrolysis of substrate – addition of water) – Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) > disaccharides > monosaccharides (Amylase = maltose >glucose) – Proteins >polypeptides >dipeptides >amino-acids (peptidase = endo/exo) – Fats > fatty acids & glycerol (lipase) Mouth (buccal cavity) – Mechanical digestion (teeth) – Saliva = salivary lands (mucus, salivary amylase & mineral ions = optimum pH – slightly alkaline) = lubrication & some protein digestion (amylase = starch > maltose) – Swallowed as bolus Oesophagus – Peristaltic contractions (longitudinal & circular muscles = not under conscious control) – Occurs all way through alimentary canal Stomach = muscular sac (2 sphincter muscles = cardiac & pyloric keep food in stomach) – Muscles in stomach wall contract rhythmically (mix food with gastric juice = secreted by stomach wall) – Gastric juice = optimum pH of enzymes (pH2. 0), kills most bacteria, peptidase enzymes = protein > polypeptides Pepsinogen (inactive) = activated by HCl to active peptidase enzyme – Mucus = form lining (protect wall from enzymes & acid/assist movement) – Food leaves as chyme – Purpose of HCl = optimum pH for enzymes, kill microbes, activate pepsinogen (pepsin) Gastric glands = peptic/chief cells (p epsinogen = inactive until HCl), oxyntic (secretes HCl) & goblet cells (mucus) Small Intestine = duodenum (first 20cm) & ileum Bile = produced in liver, stored in gall bladder, into duodenum via bile duct. = no enzymes. Bile salts = emulsifying lipids (lowers surface tension = globules – droplets [surface area]) = neutralise acidity = exocrine glands in Pancreas via Pancreatic duct. = Contains enzymes. Trypsinogen – Trypsin (Enterokinase) = Endopeptidases (protein > peptides) Pancreatic Amylase (starch > maltose) Pancreatic Lipase (lipids >fatty acids & glycerol) Pancreatic juice Walls of duodenum = Brunner's Glands (secrete alkaline juice & mucus) – correct pH & lubrication/protection Enzymes secreted by cells at tips of villi (Crypts of Lieberkuhn) Maltase = Maltose > 2 Glucose Sucrase = sucrose > glucose & galactose Endopeptidases/Exopeptidases = polypeptides > amino acids Endo = quaternary/tertiary – smaller polypeptides. Exo = peptides – amino acids Absorption Ileum adapted†¦ – Long BY2 revision Page 3 – Long Lining folded = large surface area Villi = finger like projections Epithelial cells = surface of villi (microscopic projections – microvilli) Large number of mitochondria = lots of energy required Glucose & Amino-acids = epithelium of villi (diffusion & active transport) into capillary network – hepatic portal vein to liver Fatty acids & Glycerol = lacteal (blindly ending lymph capillary) – lymphatic system into bloodstream (thoracic duct) Fatty acids, Glycerol & most vitamins = diffusion through epithelial cell membrane Glucose, Amino acids & dipeptides = need ATP (energy) – co-transport (Na+ ion) Dipeptides digested intracellularly-pump ions out and then draws more in – carries molecules in with it. Large intestine – Caecum, Appendix, Colon & Rectum – Water & mineral salts absorbed in colon – vitamins secreted by micro-organisms (vitamin K & folic acid (Vitamin B9) – Faeces = semi-solid condition (undigested cellulose, bacteria, sloughed cells) – defaecation Uses†¦ Soluble food products – bloodstream – tissues (assimilation/provide energy) – Glucose = energy release (respiration)/excess stored (fat cells) – Amino Acids = protein-synthesis. Cannot be stored (deaminated – urea {disposed} & carbs {stored}) – Lipids = membranes/hormones/excess stored as fat BY2 revision Page 4 Structure of the gut 24 May 2011 08:52 Peristalsis = aids movement of food through alimentary canal 1) 2) 3) 4) Ingestion Digestion (mechanical = increase surface area/chemical = enzymes, glands in wall/outside wall) Absorption Egestion Structure of Mammalian Gut – Outer serosa = layer of connective tissue (protection/reduces friction from other organs as it moves) – Muscle layer = inner circular/outer longitudinal muscles = peristalsis – Sub-mucosa = connective tissue, contains blood/lymph vessels – absorption & nerves (co-ordinate muscular contractions – peristalsis) – Mucosa = innermost layer (lines wall of gut), secretes mucus (lubrication & protection), secretes digestive juices in some regions (stomach)/absorbs food (ileum) – Lumen = cavity of gut BY2 revision Page 5 Glands 1) Large glands outside gut – secretions pass through tubes/ducts into lumen Eg. Salivary gland, liver, pancreas 2) Glands in form of cells in sub-mucosa Eg. Secrete mucus in duodenum (Brunner's glands – alkaline juices also) 3) Glands in form of cells in mucosa Eg. Gastric glands(stomach) = gastric juice Crypts of lieberkuhn(in base of villus of small intestine) = enzymes (complete digestion) – maltase = maltose – Sucrase = sucrose – Endopeptidase/exopeptidase = peptides/dipeptides BY2 revision Page 6 Adaptions for nutrition 24 May 2011 09:37 Nutrition = obtain energy to maintain life functions and matter to create/maintain structure (from nutrients) Autotrophic plants Use simple organic materials CO2 & H2O to manufacture energy & make complex compounds (make own food) – provide food for others = producers Green plants build up complex organic molecules eg sugars from CO2 & H2O. Source of energy = sunlight (absorbed in chlorophyll & related pigments) [6CO2 +6H2O > C6H12O6 + 6O2] Use energy from special methods of respiration to synthesize organic food Consume complex organic food material (cannot make own food) = consumers. Take food into bodies and break down by digestion. Usually internal in digestive system. Digested material – absorbed (body tissues – used by cells) Herbivores/Carnivores/Detritivores Dead/decaying matter – no specialized digestive system. Secrete enzymes outside body & absorb. (extracellular digestion). Microscopic = decomposers (important recycling valuable nutrients – nitrogen) – Photosynthesis Plants/algae/ certain bacteria Autotrophic bacteria Animals, fungi, some protoctists & bacteria Most animals – Chemosynthesis Heterotrophic – Holozoic feeders – Saprophytes (saprobionts) – Parasites – Mutualism (symbiosis) Fungi & some bacteria Tapeworm Organism that live in/on another organism and receive nutrition from it. Host suffers harm. Highly specialized. Cellulose Involves close association between members of2 different species. digesting bacteria Both derive some benefit from the relationship BY2 revision Page 7 Reproductive Strategies 24 May 2011 10:08 Life cycle = sequence of changes through which it passes during its life from origin in reproduction until death. Reproduction = ability to produce other individuals of the same species Asexual – Rapidly produces large numbers (identical genetic composition = clone) – Binary fission (eg. Unicellular organisms – bacteria/amoeba) – Budding (eg. Hydra/yeast) – Bulbs (eg. Onion/daffodil) – Runners (eg. Strawberry) – Tubers (eg. Potato) Sexual – Involves 2 parents – Less rapid than asexual – Offspring are genetically different – Fusion of haploid gametes Advantages/Disadvantages†¦ Asexual = lack of variety (adapting to environmental change) = if well suited to environment conditions, large numbers of successful type built up quickly Sexual = genetic variety (adapt to environmental change) = development of resistant stage in life cycle (can withstand adverse conditions) = formation of spores, seeds, larvae = dispersal of offspring. Reduces intraspecific competition – enables genetic variety to develop as required. = more chance of mutation (complexity of process) Production of Gametes Diploid = body cells (mitosis) Haploid = sex cells/gametes (meiosis) Haploid Sperm + Haploid Egg = Diploid Fertilized Egg Zygote formed – mitosis to grow Male gamete = small& extremely motile Female gamete = large/sedentary (presence of stored food) Mammalian eggs have only enough to survive until formation of placenta External Fertilization – Discharge gametes directly into sea/freshwater – Considerable wastage = eggs may not encounter sperm – Vast numbers of gametes produced – Frogs – joining of sperm/egg assisted by coupling. Male rubs hind legs on female for her to lay eggs, he immediately releases seminal fluid over them. – Amphibians usually terrestrial, must return to water to breed = external fertilization Internal Fertilization – Occurs inside body of female – Requires intermittent organ to introduce sperm to female's body – Less chance of gametes being wasted BY2 revision Page 8 – Less chance of gametes being wasted Allows male gamete to be independent of water for movement Fertilized egg can be enclosed with protective covering before leaving female. (Animals lay eggs) Embryos develop within parent and derive nourishment from her (placenta) = greatest adaption (mammals) Development of Zygote – Usually outside body – easy prey for predators – Many eggs produced to ensure some survive – Insects, internal fertilization (ensure sperm deposited in female's reproductive tract), external development (laid on food source) – Evolution of amniote egg (reptiles/birds) = fluid filled cavity, surrounded by membrane & protective shell, encloses embryo within yolk sac – Birds incubate eggs = embryo development (external) – Mammals = young retained in mother's womb/uterus (no shell). Embryo nourished from mother's blood supply (placenta). Born in relatively advanced state of development. Parental Care – Very little usually – Stickleback looks after eggs, defends territory, fans eggs to provide o2 until they hatch – Birds & mammals = provision of shelter, feeding, protection from predators, training for adult life. More parental care provided = fewer offspring produced Unisexual/Hermaphrodite â₠¬â€œ Plants = male and female gametes produced in one individual – Every individual capable of forming fertilized eggs – Possibility of self-fertilization = inbreeding (reduced genetic variability) – No intromittent organs – special techniques evolved for transferring gametes Success of Insects – Mainly terrestrial – Depend on these to pollinate crops – Competition for food also – Carry disease eg. Malaria Incomplete Metamorphosis (eg. Grasshopper) – Egg – Intermediate form = nymph (resembles adult – smaller) – Hard exoskeleton – doesn't grow, must shed skin/molt – Does this a series of times until it reaches full size Complete metamorphosis (eg. Butterfly/housefly) – Egg – Lava (specialized for feeding/growing) – Pupa/chrysalis – complete change – Emerges as adult specialized for dispersal and reproduction Plants Simple plants = algae (seaweeds = confined to sea) & mosses & ferns (confined to damp areas -male gamete can swim to egg) Successful plants = conifers & flowering plants (independent of water for reproduction – able to colonize land) Flowering plants = morphology (Efficient water carrying xylem vessels & reproduction) – Male pollen grains with hard coat = withstand desiccation (transfer to stigma of female – affect by environmental conditions) – Plants & grasses = small inconspicuous flowers – pollen carried by wind – Brightly coloured flowers & scent = attraction by insects (carry pollen to stigma) BY2 revision Page 9 – Brightly coloured flowers & scent = attraction by insects (carry pollen to stigma) Male gametes travel through pollen tube to female part and egg (no longer needs film of water to reach egg) Fertilised egg develops into seed containing food store (with resistant coat) Key to success = relationship with animals (attract insects which pollinate/seed dispersal) & enclosure of eggs in ovary and evolution of seed – Can survive adverse conditions Flowering plants are so successful because of†¦ – Short interval between flower production and setting of seed (few weeks) – Seed with food store = embryo develops until leaves are produced above ground (photosynthesis) – Seed protects embryo from desiccation & other hazards = resistant coat – Leaves deciduous & succulent = decay when fall to ground – humus produced. (rapid recycling of ions for reuse) BY2 revision Page 10 Translocation 24 May 2011 14:41 = transport of soluble organic materials, sucro se and amino acids (bi-directional movement) Products of photosynthesis = phloem. From source (area that makes the photosynthate – sucrose = leaves) to sink (where needed for growth/storage) Phloem structure – Sieve tubes (adapted for longitudinal flow of material = no nucleus ,have pores =sieve plates allows rapid flow of manufactured food substances) – Companion cells (linked to sieve tubes by plasmodesmata with fibres & parenchyma, dense cytoplasm = lots of mitochondria – lots of metabolic activity, large nucleus – controls activity) – Phloem fibres – Phloem parenchyma â€Å"Mass flow† hypothesis – There is a passive flow of sucrose from source to sink – Does not account for observations such as movement in opposite directions at same time & rate – Other hypotheses = diffusion, cytoplasmic streaming Evidence for translocation†¦ 1) Aphid (greenfly) – Feed (proboscis), leave embedded proboscis, liquid = sucrose & amino acids. Sectioning stem shows proboscis is in phloem sieve tube 2) Ringing Experiments – Cut off ring of bark (including phloem, leave xylem), immerse in water. Swelling above cut = accumulation of organic solutes, cannot continue. Will eventually die 3) Radioactive isotopes – Carbon-14 supplied to plant – fixed in glucose upon photosynthesis (14C6H12O6) – Stem cut, x-ray = phloem contains radioactivity BY2 revision Page 11

Cloud Ingredients and Formation

We all know what clouds are—visible collections of tiny water droplets (or ice crystals if its cold enough) that live high in the atmosphere above the Earths surface. But do you know how a cloud forms? In able for a cloud to form, several ingredients must be in place: watercooling air temperaturea surface to form on (nuclei) Once these ingredients are in place, they follow this process to form a cloud: Step 1: Change Water Vapor into Liquid Water Although we cant see it, the first ingredient -- water -- is always present in the atmosphere as  water vapor (a gas). But in order to grow a cloud, we need to get the water vapor from a gas to its liquid form. Clouds begin to form when a parcel of air rises from the surface up into the atmosphere. (Air does this in a number of ways, including being lifted up mountainsides, lifted up weather fronts, and being pushed together by converging air masses.) As the parcel ascends, it passes through lower and lower pressure levels (since pressure decreases with height). Recall that air tends to move from higher to lower pressure areas, so as the parcel travels into lower pressure areas, the air inside of it pushes outward, causing it to expand. It takes heat energy for this expansion to take place, and so the air parcel cools a bit. The further upward the air parcel travels, the more it cools. Cool air cant hold as much water vapor as warm air, so when its temperature cools down to the dew point temperature, the water vapor inside of the parcel becomes saturated (its relative humidity equals 100%) and ​condenses into droplets of liquid water. But by themselves, water molecules are too small to stick together and form cloud droplets. They need a larger, flatter surface on which they can collect. Step 2: Give Water Something to Sit on (Nuclei) In able for water droplets to form cloud droplets,  they must have something—some surface—to condense  on. Those somethings are tiny particles known as aerosols or  condensation nuclei. Just like the nucleus is the core or center of a cell in biology, cloud nuclei, are the centers of cloud droplets, and it is from this that they take their name. (Thats right, every cloud has a speck of dirt, dust, or salt at its center!) Cloud nuclei are solid particles like dust, pollen, dirt, smoke (from  forest fires, car exhaust, volcanoes, and coal-burning furnaces, etc.), and sea salt (from breaking ocean waves)  that are suspended in the air thanks to Mother Nature and us humans who put them there. Other particles in the atmosphere, including bacteria, can also play a role in serving as condensation nuclei. While we usually think of them as pollutants, they serve a key role in growing clouds because theyre hygroscopic—they attract water molecules. Step 3: A Cloud is Born! It is at this point—when water vapor condenses and settles onto condensation nuclei—that clouds form and become visible. (Thats right, every cloud has a speck of dirt, dust, or salt at its center!) Newly formed clouds will often have crisp, well-defined edges. The type of cloud and altitude (low, middle, or high) it forms at is determined by the level where an air parcel becomes saturated. This level changes based on things like temperature, dew point temperature, and how fast or slow the parcel cools with increasing elevation, known as lapse rate. What Makes Clouds Dissipate? If clouds form when water vapor cools and condenses, it only makes sense that they dissipate when the opposite happens—that is, when the air warms and evaporates. How does this happen? Because the atmosphere is always in motion, drier air follows behind the rising air so that both condensation and evaporation continually occur. When theres more evaporation taking place than condensation, the cloud will return once again become invisible moisture. Now that you know how clouds form in the atmosphere, learn to simulate cloud formation by making a cloud in a bottle. Edited by Tiffany Means